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                    <text>Hidden Stories: New Approaches to the Local and
Global History of the Book
Table of Contents
1. EVENTS
Birchbark workshop
2. TALKS
Digital Codicology
Conference
Indigenous Arts and Culture
Gathering
Copenhagen Care &amp;
Conservation of Manuscripts
3. PUBLICATIONS
Library Trends Journal
Optical Character
Recognition tool for Gə’əz
Manuscripts
Adhesive Study Using Mass
Spectrometry
4. TECHNICAL UPDATES
Digital Hub
5. TEAM UPDATES
Noam Sienna Postdoc
Thomas Fisher Rare Books
Library Collaboration
International Collaborations
6. CURRENT &amp; UPCOMING
EVENTS
Lunaape Language Camp
Open House at the Thomas
Fisher Rare Books Library
CMS Convivium

Greetings
Hidden Stories: New Approaches to the Local and Global History of the Book
is the second part of a project, The Book and the Silk Roads, that explored
the history of bookmaking across routes for trade and travel that linked
China to Rome and beyond for over a thousand years. A collaboration
of the University of Toronto (U of T) Libraries, the U of T’s Old Books
New Science Lab, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,
NJ, the Book and the Silk Roads project created a global network of
historians and philologists, engineers and conservators, computer
scientists, and Indigenous knowledge keepers. We brought together
researchers with complementary skills to reveal what Eurocentric and
single-discipline studies of books do not: vibrant stories of the local
circumstances of global book development and use.
Now, with generous support from the Mellon Foundation, we’re starting
a new phase of work. Our goal is to listen to, care for, and share stories
that books carry; to work closely with generous collaborators across
disciplinary boundaries; to study regional connectivities; and to build
robust local relationships, especially with communities of origin. This
newsletter covers some highlights from the first few months of our
project.

Alex Gillespie, Suzanne Akbari, and Sian Meikle, on behalf of the Hidden
Stories: New Approaches to the Local and Global History of the Book team

�Birchbark Workshop

Events

At “Birchbark: An International Meeting,”
renowned artist Philip Cote, MFA (Young
Spiritual Elder, Moose Deer Point First Nation:
Shawnee, Lakota, Potawatomi, and Ojibway)
discusses a birchbark scroll he created. Photo:
Nick Iwanyshyn, University of Toronto.

The first meeting of the Hidden Stories project connected Indigenous, settler,
and international researchers, artists, craftspeople, scientists, conservators,
and knowledge keepers to share knowledge about the treatment, care,
rematriation, and understanding of birchbark crafted with the knowledge of
peoples across the world. “Birchbark: An International Meeting,” 14-16
October 2022 was co-hosted by the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation
with participants travelling to the beautiful UTM campus, as well as calling in
remotely from Lahore, Sydney, Ottawa, and northern Ontario.
One of the most striking aspects of this meeting was the connection and
shared experiences of the Indigenous keepers of the living birchbark traditions
in the Great Lakes and Eastern Woodlands and the international community
excavating, studying and safeguarding Buddhist scrolls in the ancient
Gandharan region. We were struck by the issues and questions posed in
common by these millenia-old traditions, such as the sacred and mundane
uses of birchbark, the challenges posed by caring for birchbark knowledge
objects outside of a well-resourced museum setting, and the responsibility to
build collaborations that reconnect objects with the people and lands they
came from in a good way––for example, through the visiting exhibition of Gifts
from the Michi Saagiig Women to the Prince of Wales, 1860; or the Gandhari
Manuscript Project’s current work with support from the Khyentse Foundation
in founding the first birchbark conservation lab in Pakistan at the Islamabad
Museum.

�Talks
Digital Codicology Conference
Team members Rachel Di Cresce and Melissa Moreton presented at the workshop “Novel Approaches to Digital
Codicology,” held May 10-12 at the Centre d’Études Supérieures de la Renaissance in Tours, France, co-organized
by project collaborator Alberto Campagnolo. The event was the most comprehensive gathering yet of codicologists,
librarians, scholars, digital humanists and practitioners focused on digital tools used in the study of the physical aspects
of the book. The program included presentations on 3D dome imaging, ink analysis protocols, AI and machine learning,
data analysis, and tools used to study paper (watermarks) and parchment. Di Cresce and Moreton presented digital
tools developed by the project (such as the 3D Codex Modeller), discussed new work on descriptive terminologies and
cataloguing language, and shared the methodology that shapes the current work, which is guided by conversations and
collaborations with source communities. One of the central goals of the Hidden Stories project is to make the book visible,
both for communities of origin and for the general public. Visualization tools and improved catalogue descriptions of the
book’s codicological features allows users to access, study, and connect with these objects in new ways.

Indigenous Arts and Culture Gathering
Melissa Moreton travelled north in early June to beautiful Manitoulin Island on Georgian Bay, Ontario, to learn from
attendees of the GRASAC gathering (The Great Lakes Research Alliance for the Study of Aboriginal Arts &amp; Cultures).
The event, hosted at the Ojibwe Cultural Foundation, was attended by Indigenous community members (many
Anishinaabek from Manitoba, Toronto, and communities around Georgian Bay, Ontario) and settler-allies and included
presentations on Indigenous material culture, treaty research, land stewardship, and governance. Moreton discussed two
Indigenous books––one Munsee-related, and one Anishinaabe (Ojibwe)––currently housed in the Princeton University
Library. Both are part of the Hidden Stories project, research guided by and furthered through collaboration with
Indigenous community members.

Care and Conservation of Manuscripts in Copenhagen
If you haven’t been, we highly recommend this biennale gathering of rare book conservators, caretakers, and scholars in
Copenhagen, Denmark! Topics at the April event included scientific imaging, conservation case studies, big data surveys
of books, presentations on global book traditions, and traditional care practices for manuscripts. This year’s conference
was attended by Hidden Stories team members Melissa Moreton and James Canary (Book Conservator, Lilly Library,
Indiana), with a presentation by James Sargan (University of Georgia) and independent conservator Bridget Warrington
on “The Castle Acre Processional: Assessing 15th-century Oak Boards and Historical Slip Repairs Using Micro-CT
Scanning and Carbon Dating.” Sargan’s conclusion: “It’s impossible to come away without new ideas, approaches, and
colleagues!”

�Other Hidden Stories events and speaking highlights of the past few months have included a wonderful seminar
by Toronto-based bookbinder Don Taylor at U of T’s Centre for Medieval Studies, a radio interview with Alex Gillespie
by CBC’s Quirks and Quarks program, Gillespie’s keynote lecture for the Bibliographical Society of Canada 2023
Conference, and Jessica Lockhart’s guest instruction on global book technologies at the Universität Hamburg’s Centre for
the Study of Manuscript Cultures’ summer school!

publications
Library Trends Journal
Project members Suzanne Akbari (IAS), Melissa Moreton (IAS), and Ian McCallum (Munsee Delaware Nation),
along with Princeton University Librarian Anu Vedantham, co-authored a forthcoming Library Trends journal article,
“Huluniixsuwaakan: The Role of the Library in Munsee-Delaware Language Revitalization and the Development of
Community Relationships on Lenape Land.” The
essay discusses the community-centred,
collections-related work taking place around the
annual Munsee Language &amp; History Symposium,
held annually at the Institute for Advanced Study
in Princeton, New Jersey––an event focused on
Munsee language and cultural revitalization.
Princeton sits on the traditional homelands of
the Munsee (Lunaapeew, or Delaware) people.
The article discusses goals of the project for both
Lunaape language teachers and library staff and
explores the challenges encountered, including
problems using existing standardised terminology
and controlled vocabularies for describing library
materials, difficulties encountered when working
with a wide range of stakeholders, and institutional
barriers to making materials freely accessible to
community members. The article, due out in 2023,
offers a series of questions and recommendations
to assist academic libraries in developing
relationships with Indigenous communities and
implementing best practices to nurture such
relationships.

Co-authors and project collaborators Ian McCallum (Munsee Delaware Nation) and
HS co-PI Suzanne Akbari studying Munsee-related materials at Princeton University
Special Collections.

�Optical Character Recognition Tool for Gə’əz Manuscripts
We are delighted to share news of our forthcoming article, “Automated Transcription of Gə’əz Manuscripts Using
Deep Learning,” led by computer scientist Sam Grieggs of the University of Notre Dame’s Computer Vision Research
Laboratory (director Walter Scheirer). The paper describes our team’s collaborative development of the first open-source
tool for Ethiopian manuscript transcription that is both highly accurate and accessible to communities interested in Gə’əz
books and the texts they contain. Our hope is that the tool can allow students and scholars of Ethiopian manuscripts to
create a substantial and computer-searchable corpus of transcribed and digitized Gə’əz texts, opening access to vital
resources for sustaining the history and living culture of Ethiopia and its people. The code was written in Python using the
PyTorch framework and is available on Grieggs’ Github here. The article is forthcoming in Digital Humanities Quarterly
17.3 in August 2023.

Adhesive Study Using Mass Spectrometry
Can historical book adhesives offer an additional avenue of insight into human and animal interaction at specific
dates and places, especially in the context of biocodicological analysis of a book? The answer (yes!) is explored in our
collaborative article by Alice Sharp et al, “What’s Hiding in the Spine? A Study of Adhesives in Medieval Books
Using Mass Spectrometry,” now out in Manuscripta 66.1 (2022). The paper describes the goals, methodology,
and initial outcomes of our collaborative research project investigating whether the eZooMS method (electrostatic
Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) developed by Sarah Fiddyment can be used to identify species of origin for
animal glues found on mediaeval manuscripts. The study offers new applications of paleoproteomics and peptide mass
fingerprinting and makes use of non-destructive sampling techniques to study medieval manuscript materials that have––
until now––been impossible to analyze at this level.

Technical Updates
Digital Hub
Our Hidden Stories Digital Hub, to be launched in Fall 2023, will host material developed by collaborators throughout
the project including: channels for communication; updates on project progress and upcoming events; a resource library;
text and audio-video lessons for asynchronous learning about book history and conservation; training resources for
digital rights and data transfer work; standards-based data sets, images, and descriptive metadata; best practices for
provenance research and data stewardship, along with guidelines for community outreach; and access to and support for
the use of open-source software tools for book historical research. The hub will develop and expand over the course of the
project as new material, events, and exhibits are developed.

�Noam Sienna: Postdoc in Global Judaica

Team
Updates

We are thrilled to announce Dr. Noam Sienna’s acceptance of a two-year
University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science postdoctoral research
fellowship, which will begin in December 2023. Sienna is a historian of
pre-modern Jewish culture with advanced skills in critical bibliography and
book history, and experience with a range of digital and public humanities
projects. He is currently a Junior Fellow of the Rare Book School’s Society of
Fellows in Critical Bibliography and brings this expertise to the project, as
well as connections with scholars and projects focused on the study of global
Judaica. As a Hidden Stories team member, he will lead our Global Judaica
subproject, studying the evolution of premodern book culture within Jewish
diasporic communities across Africa and Eurasia, focusing on rare Judaica
held in the Friedberg Collection of the U of T’s Thomas Fisher Rare Book
Library, one of the most significant collections in North America. Sienna
notes, “Our understanding of books and the relationships they carry can
only be fully grasped through collaboration across fields, disciplines, and
institutions, and I am excited to discover what hidden stories will emerge
through this work.” Welcome, Dr. Sienna!

Noam Sienna examining 19th-c. Yemenite
marginalia in a 16th-c. copy of the Ein
Yaakov (Thessaloniki) with co-director
of the Footprints project, Prof. Marjorie
Lehman of the Jewish Theological
Seminary

�Collaboration with the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library
The Thomas Fisher Rare Book and Special Collections Library at the University of Toronto is an integral collaborator
for the Hidden Stories project, lending expertise in manuscript studies as well as facilitating research and community
engagement. In particular, we are grateful to David Fernández, Tim Perry, and Nadav Sharon for supporting our research
and that of our collaborators in Hebrew, Ethiopian, Mesoamerican, and Tibetan manuscript studies. We are excited
to continue this collaboration over the next few years, and particularly look forward to two events: the Open House
“Celebrating Ethiopian Book Heritage” in September (see below) and an upcoming Fisher Summer School in June 2024.

LT to RT: Thinley Gyatso (PhD candidate in Buddhist
Studies, U. Toronto), Alex Gillespie (Hidden Stories coPI), and David Fernández (Head, Thomas Fisher Rare
Book Library) examine MSS 09700, a 15th-c. Italian
antiphoner (choral manuscript).

International Collaborations
The team has also hit the ground running with establishing two international collaborations devoted to preserving written
cultural heritage for future generations.
In collaboration with our partners at the Universität Hamburg’s Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC),
the Hidden Stories project has sub-granted funding for a team of conservators led by Dr. Bidur Bhattarai to continue
their efforts to preserve and document approximately 6000 paper artefacts in the Āśā Saphūkuthi (Āśā Archives) in
Kathmandu. The team is working to clean and stabilize, box, catalogue, and digitize the collection, which includes Hindu
and Buddhist manuscripts as well as other artefacts written on supports such as palm-leaf and paper. As of May 2023,
you can watch here a new series of videos documenting their project, “Preserving the Written Cultural Heritage of Nepal”
(PI Bidur Bhattarai, CSMC).
As of June 2023, the Hidden Stories project has also been able to partner with Tunisia’s National Heritage Institute and
the Kairouan Manuscript Project (KMP) based out of Hamburg’s CSMC to fund the continuation of an early career
conservator internship program in Raqqada, Kairouan. With Hidden Stories funding, four early-career conservators will
continue their training at the National Laboratory for the Preservation and Conservation of Parchment and Manuscripts
(NLPCPM) in Raqqada, Kairouan, Tunisia. Under the mentorship of NLPCPM’s senior manuscript conservators
and networking with the international community of the KMP, the interns will continue their work to become the next
generation of Tunisian caretakers for Kairouan’s manuscripts, described by Davidson MacLaren as “one of the largest
Islamic manuscript collections in North Africa, and among the most historically and intellectually important collections of
Islamic religious and literary manuscripts worldwide.” We are excited to support these conservators in this next stage of
their work.

�Lunaape Language Camp

Current &amp;
Upcoming
Events

The inaugural Lunaape Language Camp at Princeton was held on 27-29 July
2023, building on the annual fall symposia co-organized by Hidden Stories co-PI
Suzanne Akbari in collaboration with Munsee partners. Language teachers from
Munsee-speaking communities, along with faculty and students at Princeton
University and the Institute for Advanced Study, gathered on Lunaapahkiing,
traditional Lunaape (or Delaware) lands in and around Princeton, New Jersey for
traditional land-based learning and hands-on workshops that brought together
language, land, and water. This gathering — to be repeated in future years —
provides a space to share Lunaape language, local history, and discussions of
Indigenous sovereignty in today’s world. The July language camp, like the annual
Munsee Language and History symposia each autumn, is a key element of the
community-based work taking place with Indigenous partners in conjunction with
the Hidden Stories subproject on book history and book-adjacent technologies of
the Great Lakes and Eastern Woodlands of North America.

“Celebrating Ethiopian Book Heritage” –
Open House at Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library
On 27 September 2023, the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library in collaboration
with the Hidden Stories project and the Bikila Award will be hosting the event
“Celebrating Ethiopian Book Heritage,” an Open House featuring Ethiopian
manuscripts in the University of Toronto’s collection, including some recent
acquisitions. The parchment manuscripts include decorated liturgical and
devotional books, codices on history, and amulet scrolls painted and scribed
for specific individuals to aid in healing. The event features guest lecturer Eyob
Derillo, scholar of Ethiopian manuscripts and References Specialist for Asian
and African materials at the British Library, with a reception hosted by the Bikila
Award to follow at the U of T’s Centre for Medieval Studies. All are welcome!
Date: Wed. 27 Sept. 2023
Open House: Noon-5pm (Maclean Hunter Room, Thomas Fisher Rare Book
Library, University of Toronto)
Remarks and discussion: 5-6:30pm Guest speaker Eyob Derillo (Blackburn
Room, Robarts Library, University of Toronto)
Reception: 7pm (Great Hall, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto)

CMS Convivium:

Ethiopian amulet scroll, late 19th c., Thomas
Fisher Rare Book Library, MSS 08024

Just a few days after “Celebrating Ethiopian Book Heritage,” we look forward to
introducing the Hidden Stories project as a whole at a Convivium of the U of T’s
Centre for Medieval Studies (CMS) in the afternoon of 29 September 2023. If
you are in the Toronto area, come and join the Hidden Stories project team for a
discussion of the principles and methodologies guiding our work, how the project
has evolved over time, and what to expect from Hidden Stories in the future. Check
CMS’s events page for more details as we get closer to the event!

�Credits:
Newsletter Authors: Suzanne Akbari, Rachel Di Cresce, Alexandra Gillespie, Jessica Lockhart, Sian Meikle, Melissa Moreton
Designer: Azure Pham

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